Smoking hundreds of cigarettes significantly increases the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
At the next stage of research, scientists are going to find out what impact the development of breast cancer has a number of smoked cigarettes.
The team of scientists from the Mayo Clinic (USA) compared the risk factors in 1 225 women, breast cancer patients, and the 6 872 patients whose disease is not diagnosed. The results showed 10% of the subjects smoked at the time of the experiment, 9% separated from the pernicious habit some time ago, while 81% never had it. In women who had smoked in total during the life of a hundred or more cigarettes, the risk of the disease was much higher than the others.
However, the probability of occurrence of malignant tumors in the breast is markedly reduced, as only a woman stop smoking.
It was also found that oral contraceptives for 11 years or more increases the risk of developing breast cancer by 200%. In women who received postmenopausal hormone therapy, the risk increased by 81%. In addition, each year the life of the likelihood of cancer increases by 2%. A hysterectomy (removal of uterus), by contrast, reduces the risk by 35%.
At the next stage of research, scientists are going to find out what impact the development of breast cancer have a smoking in pre-and postmenopausal period, the number of cigarettes smoked and passive smoking.
Recall also that smoking cessation rapidly reduces the risk of heart disease. Within a few weeks after the rejection of cigarettes among women reduced the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and two other related substances. In addition, the content decreases in blood C-reactive protein (CRP), whose presence indicates inflammation in the body, and interleukin-6, also participates in the immune response and inflammatory reaction.
Friday 13 November 2009
Thursday 27 August 2009
Two years later, fire-safe cigarettes will become mandatory in Estonia
Interior Minister Juri Pihl has prepared a bill which in 2011 in Estonia does not prohibit the sale of fading in themselves cigarettes.
As writes today Eesti Päevaleht, in the explanatory note to the Tobacco Act the reasons for the amendments. The ban on the sale of cigarettes that do not die out by themselves, associated primarily with the desire to reduce the number of fires and number of related deaths in the country, portal novosti.err
According to Head of Department policy and crisis Rescue MIA Lauri Lugna, as a positive example we can look at the experience of the United States and Canada. Once in these states have shifted to or a rapidly self-extinguishing cigarettes, both countries have significantly reduced the number of fires.
A new type of cigarette is made of special paper that extinguishes the smoldering tobacco if smoking ceases to inhale.
Note that Sweden, where every third fire fatalities linked to careless smoking, going to go to the "fire-safe" cigarettes in 2010.
As writes today Eesti Päevaleht, in the explanatory note to the Tobacco Act the reasons for the amendments. The ban on the sale of cigarettes that do not die out by themselves, associated primarily with the desire to reduce the number of fires and number of related deaths in the country, portal novosti.err
According to Head of Department policy and crisis Rescue MIA Lauri Lugna, as a positive example we can look at the experience of the United States and Canada. Once in these states have shifted to or a rapidly self-extinguishing cigarettes, both countries have significantly reduced the number of fires.
A new type of cigarette is made of special paper that extinguishes the smoldering tobacco if smoking ceases to inhale.
Note that Sweden, where every third fire fatalities linked to careless smoking, going to go to the "fire-safe" cigarettes in 2010.
Tuesday 17 March 2009
The Major Colors of Cigar Wrappers
Nowadays there are six color variants in use. There used to be as many as ten, but now we’re dealing with just six. Wrapper leaves are grown in the countries of Cuba, Sumatra, The United States, Brazil, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Honduras and Cameroon.The different colours are as shown, from light to dark.
Wrapper Types
Double Claro (also called Candela or American Market Select) - green to greenish brown. The color is achieved by picking the leaf before it reaches maturity, and then drying it rapidly. Very mild, almost bland with very little oil.
Claro - Light tan. Usually this is the color of shade grown tobacco. Connecticut Shade wrappers are said to be some of the finest in the world. Shade grown tobacco is grown under large canopies to protect the tobacco from harsh sunlight. Neutral flavor and smooth smoking.
Natural (see also English Market Selection) - Light brown to brown. These are most often sun grown, meaning they are not protected by canopies like shade grown leaves. Fuller bodied flavor than shade grown leaves, but still very smooth.
Colorado Claro - Mid-brown, tawny. (For example, brands such as Dominican Partagas or Fuentes, using Camaroon wrappers.)
Colorado - Reddish dark brown, aromatic. A cigar with this wrapper tastes robust and rich.
Colorado Maduro - Dark brown, medium strength, slightly more aromatic the maduro. Usually gives a rich flavor, as found in many of the best Honduran cigars.
Maduro - Dark brown to very dark brown. These usually have more texture and veining than the lighter wrappers. They are often described as oily looking, with stronger taste - sweet to some palates with a unique aroma.
Oscuro - Very dark brown or almost black. They are the strongest tasting of all wrappers. These wrappers tend to be from Nicaragua, Brazil, Mexico, or Connecticut Broadleaf.
English Market Selection - A broad designation refering to brown cigars (anything other double claro essentially). The darker the color, the sweeter and stronger the flavor and the greater the oil and sugar content of the wrapper. Darker wrappers normally spend longer on the plant or come from greater altitudes. The additional exposure to the sun at higher altitudes tends to enhance the production of oil (which protects the plant) and sugar (because of increased photosynthesis). Sure leaves are typically fermented for longer as well.
Wrapper Types
Double Claro (also called Candela or American Market Select) - green to greenish brown. The color is achieved by picking the leaf before it reaches maturity, and then drying it rapidly. Very mild, almost bland with very little oil.
Claro - Light tan. Usually this is the color of shade grown tobacco. Connecticut Shade wrappers are said to be some of the finest in the world. Shade grown tobacco is grown under large canopies to protect the tobacco from harsh sunlight. Neutral flavor and smooth smoking.
Natural (see also English Market Selection) - Light brown to brown. These are most often sun grown, meaning they are not protected by canopies like shade grown leaves. Fuller bodied flavor than shade grown leaves, but still very smooth.
Colorado Claro - Mid-brown, tawny. (For example, brands such as Dominican Partagas or Fuentes, using Camaroon wrappers.)
Colorado - Reddish dark brown, aromatic. A cigar with this wrapper tastes robust and rich.
Colorado Maduro - Dark brown, medium strength, slightly more aromatic the maduro. Usually gives a rich flavor, as found in many of the best Honduran cigars.
Maduro - Dark brown to very dark brown. These usually have more texture and veining than the lighter wrappers. They are often described as oily looking, with stronger taste - sweet to some palates with a unique aroma.
Oscuro - Very dark brown or almost black. They are the strongest tasting of all wrappers. These wrappers tend to be from Nicaragua, Brazil, Mexico, or Connecticut Broadleaf.
English Market Selection - A broad designation refering to brown cigars (anything other double claro essentially). The darker the color, the sweeter and stronger the flavor and the greater the oil and sugar content of the wrapper. Darker wrappers normally spend longer on the plant or come from greater altitudes. The additional exposure to the sun at higher altitudes tends to enhance the production of oil (which protects the plant) and sugar (because of increased photosynthesis). Sure leaves are typically fermented for longer as well.
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